world where people willingly swallow fascist ideology, knowingly practice deliberate genocide, and energetically develop lethal weapons of mass destruction? Reason, they answer, has become irrational. In referring to Adorno and Horkheimer, Ratzinger was not endorsing all the principles and conclusions of their Institute for Social Research but he does demonstrate a knowledge of the secular critiques of modernity which converge with the Catholic criticisms at various junctions. He is sympathetic to